This Issue Paper is provided in support of the European Commission’s preparatory EU IT Forum, ‘Countering Violent Extremism: Online Communications’, held on 27 October 2015. The following questions are addressed:

• How do counter-narratives and alternative narratives play a role in prevention of radicalisation? What do successful counter-narrative and alternative narrative campaigns look like?
• What are the obstacles to designing and delivering effective campaigns from an industry, government and practitioner perspective and how can they be overcome?
• How can and should success be measured?
• What can stakeholders offer to boost counter-narrative and alternative narrative campaigns?