It has been suggested that 3,000 of the 20,000 foreign fighters who have travelled to join Daesh have been women, and while focus has primarily been upon those who came from the West, women from the WANA region were also drawn to the cause. A discussion about the relationship between gender and violent extremism is therefore imperative, not only because women are affected by violent extremist groups (VEOs) in multiple ways, but because they play a vital role in P/CVE. This chapter explores these links by considering the ongoing impact of gender inequality in the WANA region, and Jordan in particular, not just on women but on society as a whole, and how this links to P/CVE. Gender gaps have been narrowing for decades, but men continue to outscore women globally on a range of development indicators, from educational enrolment and achievement to labour force participation, earning power, and infant mortality. The WANA region scores particularly poorly in many of these rankings. While the principle of gender equality has become entrenched in international human rights law, national action plans, global development objectives, and humanitarian best practice, there is often still resistance to change among traditional power-holders. All social structures and their practices and symbols are gendered; thus, consideration of gender is crucial for effective P/CVE programming. To illustrate the inherent barrier that gender inequality presents to development, and the knock-on effect this has on violent behaviour and social cohesion, this chapter will first discuss what is meant by gender equality, in theory and in action. Second, it will consider how VEOs appeal to women, and their roles within them. Many people, including Jordanian officials, refuse to acknowledge that women can become radicalised and involved in VEOs; this is a potentially very dangerous oversight. Third, it will highlight some of the many ongoing manifestations of gender inequality in the WANA region, and Jordan in particular. While significant steps have been taken in Jordan, there are still extensive legal, social, and systemic barriers in place against women. Throughout, the argument will be made that gender equality should be a fundamental tenet of all development work, including P/CVE.